Grameenphone Ltd. Financial Performance Analysis - 3504 Words

Letter of Transmittal 27th July, 2013 Riyashad Ahmed (RyA) School of Business North South University Sub: Submission of report for completion of course This is to inform you that we have completed the report on the assigned organization, Grameenphone ltd. The report focuses on financial performance evaluation of Grameenphone ltd and compares GP with the only other telecommunication company listed in the stock market, which is Bangladesh Submarine Cables Company ltd. (BSCCL). The report, titled Financial Performance Evaluation of Grameenphone Ltd has been prepared for the completion of the course Introduction to Financial Management. In writing this case, we have followed your instructions for report writing so as to present our views†¦show more content†¦The entire Grameenphone network is also EDGE/GPRS enabled, allowing access to high-speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 5.8 million EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. The company was successfully listed in the Stock Exchange in November 2009-after completion of the largest IPO in the history of Bangladesh capital market. Today, Grameenphone is the leading and largest telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh with more than 40.02 million subscribers as of December 2012. It provides services to rural and urban customers across Bangladesh, where mobile telephony is acknowledged as a significant driver of socio-economic development, for both individual and the nation. Performance Evaluation Grameenphone Ltd is one of the two telecom companies listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE). The other enlisted company is Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Ltd. (BSCCL), which is the lone provider of submarine cable bandwidth in Bangladesh. None of the more direct competitors like Banglalink, Robi, Citicel or Airtel are listed. Evaluation of the company’s financial performance is done below using data collected from their financial reports published from their Annual General Meeting. All the categories are then compared with the lone competitor BSCCL’s performance for aShow MoreRelatedGrameenphone2007 Words   |  9 Pages1.0 Micro and Macro Analysis Micro Analysis: Micro Analysis is individual study of the factors affecting firms in a specific sector or industry. Micro factors include competition, suppliers, customers, labor and competition. The effect of changes in these factors on the individual decision makers, how their choices are coordinated by markets, and how prices and demand are determined in individual Macro Analysis: Macro Analysis is the study of the behavior of the individual firms or markets. throughRead MoreExternal Environmenta Factors of Grameen Phone Limited8799 Words   |  36 PagesChapter 01 Introduction of the organization 1. Introduction of the Grameenphone Ltd.: Grameenphone, widely known as GP, is the leading telecommunications service provider in Bangladesh. With more than 27 million subscribers Grameenphone is the largest cellular operator in the country. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation, a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed microfinance organization and community development bank GrameenRead MoreGp Legalwith Contents and Other Add Ins4139 Words   |  17 Pages 4 2.1 GrameenPhone Corporate Governance 4 2.2 Shareholders 4 2.3 About Telenor 4 3. Corporate Social Responsibility 5 3.1 CSR at GrameenPhone 5 Read MoreA Report on Exploring Distribution Channel of Grameen Phone7792 Words   |  32 PagesPSTN 2.4 Mobile phone operators 3.0 Competitive analysis of telecom industry 4.0 Grameen Phone at a glance 4.1 Organizational History 4.2Mission of Grameen Phone 4.3 Vision of Grameen Phone 4.4 Purpose of Grameen Phone 4.5 The business slogan 4.6 Network coverage of Grameen Phone 5.0 SWOT analysis of Grameen Phone 5.1 Network Network Coverage of GrameenPhone 5.2 Largest Geographical Coverage: 5.3 Position in the market for GrameenPhone 5.4 Market Boundary 6.0 General Industry DistributionRead MoreGrameenphone Recruitment5559 Words   |  23 PagesPersonnel Forecasting and Recruitment Process†. The practical exposure while working on this paper helped our team to bridge the academic work and the practical knowledge. We were very fortunate to have worked with some experienced professionals in Grameenphone and Aktel while gathering the relevant data for this report. We tried our best to furnish this report with all the relevant information and facts and also tried to raise the right questions. But we do acknowledge that many anomalies might ariseRead MoreComparison Between Grameenphone and Banglalink5442 Words   |  22 Pages Research paper on â€Å"Managing Profitable Customer Relationships amp; Partnering To build Customers Relationship-A Study OF Comparison Between Grameenphone amp; Banglalink. Subject: Principal Of Marketing Table of content: Topic Page no. Introduction to Grameenphone | 3 | Introduction to Banglalink | 4 | Company Background | 5 | Mission Of The Organization | 5 | Market Offerings (Product, Size/Type amp;Read MoreAn Analysis Of Data Serviceability Of Airtel Service Essay8863 Words   |  36 PagesAN ANALYSIS OF DATA SERVICEABILITY OF AIRTEL SERVICE POINTS AN ANALYSIS OF DATA SERVICEABILITY OF AIRTEL SERVICE POINTS Submitted to Homayara Latifa Ahmed Chairperson IBA Career Centre Submitted by Rahsin Jamil Roll: ZR- 23 BBA 19th Batch Faculty Advisor A.T.M. Jakaria Khan Lecturer Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka June 17, 2015 i LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL June 17, 2015 Homayara Latifa Ahmed Chairperson IBA Career CentreRead MoreThe Impacts of Mncs in the Economy of Bangladesh14643 Words   |  59 Pagesexpand their business over the world. In this sequel action American Life Insurance Company ltd. Launched in Bangladesh as a first ever MNC. Since then to today around 100 MNC have been competing in Bangladesh. If we consider the prior period of liberation war, we get launching of a lot of companies in Bangladesh. Among them Standard Chartered bank (BD) ltd, British American Tobacco (BAT) Bangladesh ltd. is most renown. BAT came in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in1945.Standarad Chartered Bank cameRead MoreComputer Science At The University Of Arkansas At Little Rock1241 Words   |  5 Pagesnetwork security. I have over two years of professional experience focused on distributed and cloud computing from several reputed Information Technology oriented companies in my country. My academic and research interest include the fields of High Performance Computing, Signal processing, Pattern recognition, Computer Networks and Network security. Over the years I have acquired a high level of academic and professional experience and developed a strong background in those areas. However, I always wantedRead MoreAssignment on Banglalink4731 Words   |  19 PagesUniversity, Sylhet Date of Submission: May 5, 2010 1 Introduction: There are currently six (6) mobile operators companies in Bangladesh. Banglalink is one of them. It is the second largest cellular service provider in Bangladesh after Grameenphone. As of November, 2009, Banglalink has a subscriber base of 12.99 million. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Orascom Telecom.Banglalink had 1.03 million connections until December, 2005. The number of Banglalink users increased by 257 per cent

The On Coping With The Holocaust Experience - 1401 Words

From 1933 to 1945, millions of lives were thrown into chaos because of the Holocaust. Families were ripped apart and values were washed away as citizens were forcefully placed in concentration camps to either be immediately killed or to work until they died. Every person within the camps faced unthinkable trauma. Once everyone was released, the prisoners began to search for lost loved ones and a sense of normality. However, the anguish did not end with the end of the Holocaust. Following the Holocaust, first generation survivors developed abnormal values, societal dependence, and a need to avoid the topic of the Holocaust as an effect of their trauma; these side effects were then passed down to future generations As part of the human coping mechanism, people hope that life can return to normal after a traumatic event. This is rarely the case, however. Many prisoners released from concentration camps continued to suffer after being released. In the report â€Å"Multigenerational Perspectives on Coping with the Holocaust Experience† written by Dan Bar-On et al, numerous studies are cited that support the claim that the Holocaust left a lasting effect on its victims, causing marital problems, anxiety, depression, and other personality disorders. The authors cite a correlation between the concept of the â€Å"conspiracy of silence,† the survivors’ perceived need to forget and move on from their traumatic past and the prolonged emotional and behavioral effects of the HolocaustShow MoreRelatedWomen s Experiences During The Holocaust898 Words   |  4 PagesWhile women’s experiences during the Holocaust were not entirely different from those of men, it would be false and misleading to assert that they were identical. There were many instances in which an individual’s ordeal was shaped by his or her gender and it is only by understanding what was unique to women and children, and what was unique to men, that we can provide a complete account of what occurred during the Holocaust. One of the reasons it took so long for historians to comprehend the importanceRead MoreCoping Mechanism: The Pianist1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmiraculously survived the Holocaust. Throughout the movie, Szpilman’s musicality plays a key role in his survival: not only as a means of getting sympathy from others but also in enabling him to cope with the traumatic experiences he encounters. However, music did not always function successfully for Szpilman as a coping mechanism. In The Pianist, the emotional healing powers of music do not lie within music’s ability to escape into alternate, more desirable realities as a means of coping with a stressfulRead MoreMiriam Kauser And Miriam Ehrler906 Words   |  4 PagesMiriam Korber and Alice Ehrmann have many similarities as far as their experiences during the Holocaust. They both see unthinkable horrors in the form of â€Å"hunger, cold, illness, filth, death, humiliation, and despair† (Korber 245). Unlike the six million Jews killed by the Holocaust, Alice and Miriam both survive, which led me to examine how their different experiences and personalities help them survive. They both face their emotions directly and use their diaries to vent which may be part of theRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel : Book Analysis708 Words   |  3 PagesLuba Frederick, a holocaust survivor, answered â€Å"To die was easy.†, when discussing the tragic and horrible events of the holocaust. In the Nazi concentration camps, life was miserable. Jews were oppressed by Nazi’s and forced to do their dirty work. Families, jobs, dreams, were nothing more than an illusion as cruel and inhumane treatment replaced them. People felt hopeless and looked to death as an option. Many were intrigued with the idea of death, since it was easier to give up rather than choosingRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe the Holocaust. The Holocaust affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of the Nazi’s. Why would the Nazi’s do this? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelingsRead MoreSummary Of Maus By Art Spiegelman Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesGuilt doesn’t play a minor role in the graphic novel, Maus by Art Spiegelman. It’s a profoundly important part of his family story. Countless Hol ocaust survivors experience â€Å"survivor’s guilt† at some point of their lives, some live with it for the rest of their existence. The Holocaust was such a tremendous part of somber history, that influenced lives of children whose parents survived it. Like many other children, Art was affected by his parents’ daunting past. There is a deep level of thoughtRead More`` Maus `` By Art Speigelman And Film, The Best Years Of Our Life By William Wyler1720 Words   |  7 Pageswhere the behavioral changes in the victims is brought up as a result of the war that takes place. The novel and film display’s another point view which allows the viewers to see the true experience that individuals go through instead of just physical attacks on the environment during war. During the holocaust as viewers we only observe Hitler and his attacks on the Jews. But fail to take into consideration the effect of the individuals involved. Throughout the book Maus by Art Spiegelman, the authorRead MoreChild Rearing Problems Around Both Detachment And Attachment Essay1799 Words   |  8 Pageschild-rearing problems around both detachment and attachment. Children of Holocaust survivors may be assumed to have taken the emotional states and behaviors of their parents. As such, children who are born to traumatized Holocaust survivors would be â€Å"predisposed to PTSD (Kellermann, 264). Other evidence regarding intergenerational transmission of trauma suggests that survivors have been affected to different degrees by trauma and share a psychological syndrome referred to as Concentration Camp SyndromeRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe holocaust was the genocide of European Jews and other groups by the Nazis during World War II. It lasted from 1933 to 1945, as a horrible time in history. Approximately 11 million people were killed, and almost 1 million of those killed were innocent children. It is well-known that there were a number of survivors, yet not many people know exactly how these people survived. The most known thing about the holocaust are the concentration camps. A concentration camp is defined by, â€Å"a place whereRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1415 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to the holocaust, however, he exhibits none of these characteristics. He was kind, wealthy, and uncommonly resourceful, and his marriage to Anja was filled with compassion, intimacy, and love. Where now Vladek is now stubborn, irritable, and almost comically stingy with his money. His experiences in the Holocaust undoubtedly played a role in these dramatic personality changes. It wasn’t until the war started that Vladek got a little more precautious about a few things. Whenever a bad thing

It may be to do with rarity Free Essays

Why do wear the best suit (dress) when going for an important meeting or interview? Why do we make sure that we do not use a cheap perfume when going on a date? The aspect of self-indulgence is intertwined with the socially directed motives when it comes to luxury. The concept of luxury has been present in various forms since the beginning of civilization. Its role was Just as important in ancient western and eastern empires as it is in modern societies. We will write a custom essay sample on It may be to do with rarity or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the clear differences between social classes in earlier civilizations, the consumption of luxury was limited to the lite classes. It also meant the definition of luxury was fairly clear. Whatever the poor cannot have and the elite can was identified as luxury. The meaning of luxury and the sorts of customers that buy luxury have continually been evolving, but never as dramatically as in the past 20 years. With more potential customers , the luxury sector is today healthier than ever – increasing at around three times the rate of worldwide wealth. The luxury goods industry is unique in that it is an industry that relies strictly on marketing and promotion to sell products to a specified group of people. It is also an uxury goods industry is very fascinating and the products themselves signify prestige and status. Although a select few are able to afford luxury goods, the vast majority of people who are exposed to advertisements for certain products generally have aspirations of being able to own these products someday. The theme of this course paper is really topical nowadays, because each luxury brand takes care about its image, performance, and service in order to attract more and more customers and to gain customers loyalty. The success of each company depends mostly on clients, so to develop the business successfully each company has o care a lot about marketing aspects and to use various marketing methods of attracting new customers. The purpose of this course paper is to explore which methods of winning customers attention are more effective. Accordingly, the main objective is to study the major methods of attracting clients on the examples of the leading luxury fashion companies and to analyze their sales volume. The course paper is divided into two parts. The first part is called â€Å"Fashion industry and the place of marketing in it† and it tells about what is called luxury in general, about the global market of luxury goods and methods of attracting more and more ustomers. The second part of the course paper is called â€Å"The analysis of marketing methods of major luxury fashion brands†, where the analysis of the major luxury brands has been made – Burberry group, Gucci group and LVMH, including the statistics, the methods of customer attraction, some key steps to success of each. . Fashion industry and the place of marketing in it 1. 1 . Getting to know luxury Although the term â€Å"luxury products† is broadly defined and therefore basically comprehensible, it still needs to be operationalized because it is not yet clear which products are actually â€Å"more than necessary and ordinary compared to the other roducts of their category. † The broad definition of luxury products can be modified a nd further specified by an operational definition. For this purpose, adequate indicators for a term need to be determined. According to the dimensional analysis, it was decided to operationalize luxury products by their characteristics. The operationalization relies on a literature analysis and an empirical study. The results suggest that consumers perceive that luxury products have six major characteristics including price, quality, aesthetics, rarity, extraordinariness and symbolism. In that ay, the operationalization helps to decide for most products if they are part of what is meant by the term â€Å"luxury product†. The definition of luxury products can be summarized as: Luxury products have more than necessary and ordinary characteristics compared to other products of their category, which include their relatively high level of price, quality, aesthetics, rarity, extraordinariness, and competences of creativity, exclusivity, craftsmanship, precision, high quality, innovation and premium pricing. These product attributes give the consumers the satisfaction of not only owning expensive items but the extra-added psychological enefits like esteem, prestige and a sense of a high status that reminds them and others that they belong to an exclusive group of only a select few, who can afford these pricey items. The luxury sector targets its products and services at consumers on the top-end of the wealth spectrum. These self-selected elite is more or less price insensitive and choose to spend their time and money on objects that are plainly opulence rather than necessities. For these reasons, luxury and prestige brands have for centuries commanded an unwavering and often illogical customer loyalty. Luxury as never been something easy to define, yet this mystery concept is something highly desired by one and all alike. Delving deeper into this mystery and aura of luxury goods by way of comparing them against ‘regular goods’ as well as highlighting the characteristics of the luxury industry. Luxury products and brands can be distinguished from the premium segment by their constitutive characteristics. The major characteristics can be considered as dimensions ranging from a minimum level that is also necessary for non-luxury brands to a maximum level that corresponds to the highest form of luxury. As demonstrated in the table below, premium brands rate higher on these dimensions than medium-level brands, but still well below luxury brands. While premium brands still remain down-to-earth and cannot lose sight of the value-for-money ratio, luxury brands are reaching exceedingly reasonable levels in the major luxury dimensions, and some of them even work on topping the current top-of-top luxury level. How to cite It may be to do with rarity, Papers

Doing Research in Design Bloomsbury Publishing

Question: 1.1 Formulate and record possible research project outline specifications1.2 Identify the factors that contribute to the process of research project selection1.3 Undertake a critical review of key references1.4 Produce a research project specification1.5 Provide an appropriate plan and procedures for the agreed research specification 2.1 Match resources efficiently to the research question or hypothesis2.2 Undertake the proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification and procedures2.3 Record and collate relevant data where appropriate 3.1 Use appropriate research evaluation techniques3.2 Interpret and analyse the results in terms of the original research specification3.3 Make recommendations and justify areas for further consideration4.1 Use an agreed format and appropriate media to present the outcomes of the research to an audience? Answer: 1.0 Introduction The food industry is believed to have the lowest moral and motivation level, and very few initiative are taken for correcting this situation, the reason being that the industry is as it is getting a good turnover. But the factor is affecting the employee turnover considerably. 2.0 Research Aim This research proposal aims to discover the possible reasons which are responsible for high or low employee turnover at Mc Donald. 3.0 Rationale of the study The organizations business scenario is that there are certain factors which are affecting the employee turnover. Although the company has got a very high revenue generation, the sustainability of the employees has become a big question mark. This situation is the result of less implementation of employee motivation tools by the management. Research Objectives To identify the factors those are responsible for low employee motivation To assess the extent to which motivation tools will help in increasing the moral of employees To recommend the implementation of the strategies for better motivation of employees and incline their moral Research Questions What are the factors causes low employee motivation? To what extent Mc Donald can implement strategies for increasing the moral and motivate employees? What are the improvements in the strategies that can be recommended for attaining long term employee sustainability? Literature Review New driver of employee engagement: According to Kim (2012), it is a very well known fact that organization expects a level of performance from its employees; however the degree at which an employee feels connected to the organization is dependent on core factors like the extent of employees discretionary effort committed in order to achieve the goals at workplace. The ability of performing the given work by apt utilization of the resources within the organization and a choice of work environment which not only energizes the employee leading to high motivation but also gives a sense of achievement. Gamification: Gamification involves the introduction of game dynamics at the workplace for driving participation from the employees. As per Jiang et al. (2012), gamification is responsible for increasing the motivation level and also the productivity of the employees, and also it involves the aligning of the employee expectation along with the objective of the organization. It is more like implementing game elements to non-game applications. The process involves simply rewarding points and badges but by influencing the behavior of the individual. The implementation of Gamification by the fast food giant Mc Donald was conducted on the customers in eighties, which increased the revenue generated by a huge amount (Kehoe and Wright, 2013). Employee turnover: Employee turn is something which has concerned many of the organization; however fast food sector has been infamous for its not so employee friendly working conditions (Hom et al. 2012). Because of the tedious work, it is becoming difficult o find employees who will sustain for a longer period of time. The cost of retaining employees and achieving a high employee turnover is not a cost efficient procedure for the company. However, management needs to get hold of the cause of low employee turnover and act accordingly for better employee managing (Hancock et al. 2013). Hausknecht and Holwerda (2013) has found that mass production is factor which has caused the jobs in this industry as simple and very routine. Another major problem is very less amount of unionization in fast food sector. This has caused a communication gap in between the management and the employees, as there is no one for representing them and also gives protection from higher management when needed. But Mohr et al. (2012), also focuses on the positive perspective of the industry stating that here the level of social interaction is very high and employees tend to get engaged both with the peers as well as the customers (Tooksoon, 2011). Research Methodology The research methodology deals with the procedure through which the researcher will be able to conduct the study in a systematic manner, within the context of the identified research objectives. Type of Investigation In order to gain the result of the research, it is crucial that the situation that triggered the concerned research has to be identified at the first place. For this, the rationale of the research is understood in accordance to the information gained from the secondary data. After that, the problems, related to the research study will undergo identification and analysis (Peretz and Fried, 2012). This will be accomplished by the secondary database source like the books, journals and the websites. The researcher will relate the findings of the study with the objectives. It will also be helpful in finding the answers to the research questions. Finally, the evaluation of the complete process will be carried out identifying the pros and cons and future scope of the research process. As it is a secondary research, this strategy would be appropriate for carrying out the study. Sampling Method Sampling is a crucial part as it is very important in conducting the research, especially at the time of the collection of the primary data through conducted survey method (Marescaux et al. 2012). The researcher has considered convenience sampling which is a non-probability method by nature. It will be appropriate for conducting the research properly. This method of sampling is easier to conduct, as the respondents can be chosen in a convenient manner (Park and Shaw, 2013). In this case the convenience sampling method is chosen on the basis of the convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher. Sampling size According to Jensen et al. (2013), it represents the number of the participants taken into account by the researcher, for carrying out the collection of the primary data with the use of questionnaire method. Therefore, the researcher has taken 60 employees and 4 managers of the organization. Employees are chosen for getting the quantitative data collection and the managers are chosen for gathering the qualitative data collection. Data collection method: (Primary and Secondary) An appropriate data collection method helps the researcher to conduct the study with the correct process, and get the appropriate expected results (Hesse-Biber, 2011). The researcher will develop a research questionnaire and distribute few of them and get the rest of the responses to be sent by email. Secondary data source will be internet, company websites, journals, articles and books (Ketchen and Bergh, 2011). Data analysis method: (Qualitative and Quantitative) According to the secondary data collected by the researcher and presented in the literature review section, the analysis of the data will be conducted. The quantitative data is the one, which the researcher had collected from the employees, whereas, the qualitative data analysis will be based on the responses collected from the managers of the organization. Ethical Consideration The researcher will attempt to handle the ethical issues related to the research study efficiently through considering the following aspects of the research that may cause hindrance in the research study: Data collection The researcher will make sure that all the information used in the research study are collected from the authentic and authorized sources and the researcher will not be involved in any kind of plagiarism to gain the result of the research study (Hesse-Biber, 2011). Data analysis The researcher while analyzing the data will maintain the transparency of the data through the application of analytical tools. Data presentation The researcher will present the data collected from the secondary sources in a coherent and easily understandable manner (Crouch and Pearce, 2012). Anticipative Data From the study, the researcher will be able to carry out the identification of the factors responsible for low motivation and morale of the employees even after high turnover of the company. From the study conducted the employee can suggest ways for increasing employee motivation level and moral. Time Plan The detail of the timetable is provided in the (Appendix 1) in the form of a Gantt chart. Conclusion: The researcher will be able to highlight the factors which are responsible for low employee turnover at Mc Donald. The earlier study on the topic provides information on the strategies that help in the increasing the motivation level of the employees working in the industry. This research will recommend ways for increasing employee turnover. References Crouch, C. and Pearce, J. (2012) Doing Research in Design - Page 68, 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Hancock, J. I., Allen, D. G., Bosco, F. A., McDaniel, K. R., and Pierce, C. A. (2013). Meta-analytic review of employee turnover as a predictor of firm performance.Journal of Management,39(3), 573-603. Hausknecht, J. P., and Holwerda, J. A. (2013). When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance.Organization Science,24(1), 210-225. Hesse-Biber, S. N (2011) Mixed Methods Research: Merging Theory With Practice, 3ed ed. New York: Guilford Publications Hom, P. W., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., and Griffeth, R. W. (2012). Reviewing employee turnover: focusing on proximal withdrawal states and an expanded criterion.Psychological bulletin,138(5), 831. Jensen, J. M., Patel, P. C., and Messersmith, J. G. (2013). High-Performance Work Systems and Job Control Consequences for Anxiety, Role Overload, and Turnover Intentions.Journal of Management,39(6), 1699-1724. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A., and Winkler, A. L. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance.Human Resource Management Review,22(2), 73-85. Kehoe, R. R., and Wright, P. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of Management,39(2), 366-391. Ketchen, D. and Bergh, D. (2011). Research methodology in strategy and management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Kim, S. (2012). The impact of human resource management on employee turnover intentions. Personnel Management,41(2), 257-279 Marescaux, E., De Winne, S., and Sels, L. (2012). HR practices and HRM outcomes: The role of basic need satisfaction.Personnel Review,42(1), 4-27 Mohr, D. C., Young, G. J., and Burgess Jr, J. F. (2012). Employee turnover and operational performance: the moderating effect of groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ oriented organisational culture.Human Resource Management Journal,22(2), 216-233. Park, T. Y., and Shaw, J. D. (2013). Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), 268. Peretz, H., and Fried, Y. (2012). National cultures, performance appraisal practices, and organizational absenteeism and turnover: a study across 21 countries.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(2), 448. Posthuma, R. A., Campion, M. C., Masimova, M., and Campion, M. A. (2013). A high performance work practices taxonomy integrating the literature and directing future research.Journal of Management, 0149206313478184 Tooksoon, H. M. P. (2011). Conceptual framework on the relationship between human resource management practices, job satisfaction, and turnover.Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies,2(2), 41-49.